Component, method for connecting wood elements, computer program

ABSTRACT

The component ( 100 ) according to the invention has a first wood element ( 110 ) with at least a first main fiber direction ( 114 ) and a second wood element ( 120 ) with at least a second main fiber direction ( 124 ). At the end, and spaced apart, the first wood element ( 110 ) is adhesively bonded, on a first side cutting through the first main fiber direction ( 114 ), to a first side ( 121 ) of the second wood element ( 120 ) cutting through the second main fiber direction ( 124 ).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the connection of wood.

STATE OF THE ART

Wood exhibits various properties in relation to the direction of thefibers. In the main fiber direction (grain direction), wood is verystable under pressure and traction and can withstand very high forces,since the individual fibers together form fiber bundles. On the otherhand, small forces that act perpendicular on the grain direction of thewood fibers are already sufficient to damage the wood. It is thuspossible to build very stable constructions taking into account thedirection of the wood fibers.

However, timber constructions have a natural limitation, namely theheight of the tree in the direction of the grain and the thickness ofthe tree perpendicular to the main grain direction of the fibers. Thereare therefore a series of connections for timber elements in order toovercome these limitations.

On the one hand, it is known to glue a first wood element with a secondwood element in such a manner that the main grain direction in the firstwood element and in the second wood element are in parallel planes.Timber components consisting of at least two wood elements glued in thismanner are called glue-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber orveneer plywood. The wood elements are generally glued under pressure.This is how timber bars, e.g. beams, are formed from timber layers, e.g.panels, glued together in parallel, whose main grain direction isarranged respectively parallel to one another. It is thus possible tobuild wooden bar or beam with correspondingly high traction and pressureforces in the grain direction of the panels, resp. the wooden bar.Similarly, panels are often formed of a plurality of timber layers gluedin parallel, wherein the main grain direction of neighboring timberlayers are arranged in parallel planes and perpendicular to one another.This achieves a high resistance to traction and pressure in bothdirections of the grain of the timber layers, since fiber bundles areformed in two orthogonal directions.

Planar adhesive connections such as for veneer plywood are not usednowadays for a front-end (also short side) connection of wood elements,since this connection transmits only a fraction of the traction forcesof the wood in the longitudinal direction of the grain and thus cannotbe used for structural connections. Generally, finger joints are used insuch cases. The connecting surface is thus increased and an adhesivesurface is created that is nearly parallel to the wood grain. The shapeof the fingers, the adhesive and the bonding process are subject tostrict standards. Due to these strict standards, it is not possible toproduce such connections on the building site. On the other hand, thesize of the building components is limited due to transportation, sothat front-end connections cannot be achieved in timber construction viagluing due to the limitations of possibilities on the building site andduring transport. Additionally, even this finger-joint connection itselfis not sufficient for the requirements for parts that have to withstandhigh traction and pressure forces. A further disadvantage of thefinger-joint connections or other overlapping connections is that theoverlapping often makes it more difficult to insert large parts into thedesired place.

Therefore, for front-end connections in structural timber construction,only connections with connecting means such as metal threaded screws orany other additional fastening means of metal are used which cantransmit the high pressure and traction forces from one wood elementonto the second wood element to be connected. However, these parts arevery expensive to buy, complex to implement, visually disturbing,obstructive in terms of construction and partly difficult to achieveapproval for, e.g. in the area of fire protection. Additionally, thesemetal elements have the disadvantage that they have to be inserted inboth wood elements to be connected and thus can create new weak pointsin the wood.

EP039356 discloses a production method for obtaining timber panels, withuniformly thick colored adhesive strips. For this, panels are providedon their upper surface with uniformly spaced grooves that are filledwith colored adhesive and glued with the next panel. By verticallysawing through the stack along the grooves, two-colored panels areobtained. It is also possible to glue together several wood componentsplaced next to one another in one panel plane of the stack. Thisdocument however does not provide any solution for the front-endconnection of two wood elements, since it does not show any front-endconnection of two timber elements.

FR786001 shows a spaced-apart gluing of wood components. However, thisdocument does not provide any solution for the front-end connection oftwo wood elements, since it shows no front-end connection of two timberelements.

REPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is an aim of the invention to create a component from two woodelements connected on their front ends/short sides, and a method forthis connection, and a computer program for simulating the load capacityof such components, which overcome the disadvantages of the state of theart.

According to the invention, this aim is achieved by a componentaccording to the independent claim. The component has a first woodelement with at least a first main fiber direction and a second woodelement with at least a second main fiber direction. The first woodelement is adhesively bonded, on a first side cutting through the firstmain fiber direction, to a first side of the second wood element cuttingthrough the second main fiber direction.

According to the invention, this aim is achieved by a method accordingto the independent claim. The method for connecting a first wood elementwith a second wood elfiberement has the following steps: arranging thefirst wood element facing towards a first side to a first side of thesecond wood element; adhesively bonding the first side of the first woodelement with the first side of the second wood element; hardening theadhesive.

According to the invention, this aim is achieved by a computer programaccording to the independent claim.

The invention now has the advantage that through the front-end adhesivebonding of the first wood element with the second wood element, theforces in the first main fiber direction and second main grain directionare transmitted from the fibers of the first wood element onto thefibers of the second wood element. More accurately, the force that istransmitted through the fibers is introduced into the adhesive layer.The adhesive layer then further transmits the introduced force onto theneighboring wood element. A component is thus created through theconnection of two wood elements that can be used as structuralcomponent. This thus allows timber components of any arbitrary size tobe made at low cost. The size of the timber component thus producible isno longer limited by the growth size of the timber elements or by themaximal transportable size. The method for connecting is so simple andso stable vis-à-vis external influences such as for example humidity ortemperature that such a connection becomes possible on location on thebuilding site. Additionally, such a connection does not damage any ofthe timber elements through the introduction of steel parts. Theinventive technique also makes it possible to do without any increase inthe circumference or visual interference of the component from anexternally affixed connecting means.

Further advantageous embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims.

In one embodiment, the first wood element and the second wood elementare arranged in such a way that between the first side of the first woodelement and the first side of the second wood element, there is a spacethat is filled with adhesive. This allows a simple gluing that does notneed to be pressed.

In one embodiment, the space is suitable for filling the gap between thetwo timber elements with adhesive.

In one embodiment, the distance is greater than 0.3 mm.

In one embodiment, the adhesive connection between the first woodelement and the second wood element forms a structural connectionbetween the first wood element and the second wood element. Connectionsthat are used in timber construction as structural parts are consideredhere to be structural connections. Preferably, such a structuralconnection in timber construction will withstand at least a tractionforce of at least 1 Newton per square millimeter. It is even better ifthe structural connection withstands traction forces of more than 3Newton per square millimeter or more than 5 Newton per square millimeteror more than 10 Newton per square millimeter. Connections according tothe invention have been measured that withstood traction forces of up to20 Newton per square millimeter.

In one embodiment, the first main fiber direction encloses with thesecond main fiber direction an angle between 0° and 45°. It is thuspossible to effectively direct forces around the curve.

In one embodiment, the first main fiber direction is placed parallel tothe second main fiber direction.

In one embodiment, the first wood element on the first side in the firstmain fiber direction does not overlap the second wood element on thefirst side.

In one embodiment, the first wood element has on the first side at leastone area with the first main fiber direction and has at least one areawith a third main fiber direction, and the second wood element has onthe first side at least one area with the second main fiber directionand has at least one area with a fourth main fiber direction, whereinthe area of the first wood element with the first main fiber directionis adhesively bonded to the area of the second wood element with thesecond main fiber direction. Forces in the component can thus betransmitted along each main fiber direction of both wood elements.Thanks to the gluing of the area of the first main fiber direction withthe area of the second main fiber direction, forces from the fibers ofthe area of the first main fiber direction are transmitted onto thefibers of the area of the second main fiber direction.

In one embodiment, the area of the first wood element with the thirdmain fiber direction is adhesively bonded with the area of the secondwood element with the fourth main fiber direction. Thanks to the gluingof the area of the third main fiber direction with the area of thefourth main fiber direction, forces from the fibers of the area of thethird main fiber direction are transmitted onto the fibers of the areaof the fourth main fiber direction.

In a first embodiment, the first wood element has alternatively a firsttimber layer and a second timber layer, wherein the first timber layeron the first side corresponds to the area with the first main fiberdirection and the second timber layer on the first side corresponds tothe area with the third main fiber direction. In one embodiment, thesecond wood element alternatively has a first timber layer and a secondtimber layer, wherein the first timber layer on the first sidecorresponds to the area with the second main fiber direction and thesecond timber layer on the first side corresponds to the area with thefourth main fiber direction. An adhesive bonding of such layered veneerplywood boards or cross-laminated timber panels can result in very largepanels that can transmit the forces in the two directions of the fibersalso beyond the adhesive bonding. Thanks to the gluing of fibers withthe same main fiber direction, the forces in each layer are transmittedover the gluing.

In one embodiment, the first main fiber direction is arranged at a rightangle to the third main fiber direction and/or the second main fiberdirection is arranged at a right angle to the fourth main fiberdirection. This arrangement has the advantage that the two directions offorce transmission are orthogonal and thus an optimum transmission offorces in the plane is achieved.

In one embodiment, the area with the first main fiber direction isformed parallel to the area with the third main fiber direction and/orthe area with the second main fiber direction is formed parallel to thearea with the fourth main fiber direction.

In one embodiment, the first wood element is a grid box and/or thesecond wood element is a grid box.

In one embodiment, the first side of the first wood element is smoothedor filled in and/or the first side of the second wood element issmoothed or filled in. This has the advantage that the surface to beglued is smooth prior to gluing. This reduces the probability of bubblesbeing generated. Bubbles reduce the glued surface and thus the qualityof the connection. Smoothing or filling in the first side(s) thusincreases the quality of the connection.

In one embodiment, the gap between the wood elements has one of thefollowing forms: a plane surface, a concave shape, a concave triangularor multi-sided shape, a plane surface that is arranged at a right angleto the first and/or second main fiber direction, a plane surface thatforms a non-orthogonal angle to the first and/or second main fiberdirection. Additionally to the gluing effect, such forms can result inthe hardened adhesive in the gap becoming wedged.

In one embodiment, the first side of the first wood element and thefirst side of the second wood element form a concave shape and a springis placed in the hollow recess formed by the first sides of the firstand second wood element. Thanks to the spring, the quantity of theadhesive to be filled in can be reduced. When the strength of the springis greater than that of the adhesive, the strength of the connection isincreased.

In one embodiment, prior to filling the space/gap with adhesive, theopen sides of the space between the first side of the first wood elementand the first side of the second wood element are sealed.

In one embodiment, all open sides of the gap are sealed and the adhesiveis filled in through a hole in the seal. There is preferably a furtherhole, through which the displaced air can escape from the gap. The holeis preferably placed in the seal at the uppermost point, so that air canescape until the very end. Preferably, the adhesive is filled in underpressure. In one example, the hole is placed on the bottom side of theseal.

In one embodiment, the seal is achieved through filler material.

In one embodiment, the adhesive has two components that are mixed priorto or whilst being filled into the gap.

In one embodiment, the volume enclosed between the first sides of thefirst and second wood element is calculated, the volume of the adhesivefilled in is measured, the calculated volume is compared with themeasured volume and a statement is made about the quality of theconnection on the basis of the comparison. The process allows a verysimple ad effective control of the quality of the connection.

In one embodiment, the volume enclosed between the first sides of thefirst and second wood element is subdivided in sub-volumes sealedvis-à-vis one another, the volume of a first sub-volume enclosed betweenthe first sides of the first and second wood element is calculated, thevolume of the adhesive filled into the first sub-volume is measured, thecalculated volume is compared with the measured volume, and a statementis made about the quality of the connection on the basis of thecomparison. Additionally subdividing the sections makes it possibly todetermine the exact location of the weak points in large surfaces to beglued.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of theattached figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 a first embodiment of a component;

FIG. 2 the first embodiment of a component;

FIG. 3 a second embodiment of a component;

FIG. 4 a third embodiment of a component;

FIG. 5 an embodiment of a wood element of a component of the thirdembodiment;

FIG. 5A a cross section through the component of the third embodiment;

FIG. 6 a fourth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 6A a further embodiment of a component;

FIG. 7 a fifth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 8 a cross section through the fifth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 9 a sixth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 10 a seventh embodiment of a component;

FIG. 11A an eighth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 11B a ninth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 11C a tenth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 11D an eleventh embodiment of a component;

FIG. 11E a twelfth embodiment of a component;

FIG. 12 an embodiment of a method for adhesively bonding two woodelements; and

FIG. 13 an embodiment of a method for quality control of the adhesivebonding of two wood elements.

WAYS FOR EXECUTING THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a component 100. The component 100has a first wood element 110 and a second wood element 120.

The first wood element 110 has a first side (not shown) facing thesecond wood element 120, a second side 112 at a right angle to the firstand to a third side, and the third side 113 at a right angle to thefirst and second side. A fourth side (not represented) is placedopposite the second side 112 on the side of the wood element 110parallel to the second side 112. A fifth side (not represented) isplaced opposite the third side 113 on the side of the wood element 100parallel to the third side 113. The wood element 110 thus forms arectangular block shape. The invention is however not limited to woodelements in rectangular block shape but to every geometrical andnon-geometrical shape, with a first side to be glued with the secondwood element, is suitable as first wood element. The first wood element110 has fibers 115, which are drawn in conventionalized fashion as tubesin FIG. 1. The fibers 115 in the wood element 110 have the main fiberdirection 114, which runs parallel to the second side 112 and to thethird side 113 and is orthogonal to the first side. The main fiberdirection 114 is preferably at a right angle to the first side, hereexecuted as a plane surface, whilst the alignment of the main fiberdirection 114 to the other sides is irrelevant to the invention. Butother angles between the main fiber direction 114 and the first side arealso possible.

The second wood element 120 has a first side 121, a second side 122, athird side 123 and a main fiber direction 124. In the component 100, thesecond wood element 120 is identical at least in its basic structure tothe previously described first wood element 110, so that a repetition ofthe description is avoided.

In the component 100, the first wood element 110 and the second woodelement 120 are arranged in such a way that the first side of the firstwood element is placed parallel to the first side 121 of the second woodelement 120. In the component 100, the first side of the first woodelement 110 has the same size as the first side 121 of the second woodelement 120, and the first wood element 110 and the second wood element120 are arranged in such a way that the first wood element 110 isaligned flush to the second wood element 120, i.e. the first side of thefirst wood element 110 does not project above the first side 121 of thesecond wood element 120. However, the invention is not limited to suchflush connections.

The first wood element 110 is placed to the second wood element 120 insuch a manner that there is a space between the first side of the firstwood element 110 and the first side 121 of the second wood element 120.The space should be large enough so that a used adhesive can be placedin the gap formed through the space between the first side of the firstwood element 110 and the first side 121 of the second wood element 120.The gap should be suitable to allow the adhesive to spread in the wholegap volume and fill the latter before it starts to harden. There is noupper limit for this space. Studies of adhesive connections withdifferent distances have shown that the force per surface of theconnection between the first wood element 110 and the second woodelement 120 does not depend on the size of the space, inasmuch as thegap is filled with adhesive. This means on the first hand that there isno upper limit for the size of the gap. On the other hand, it is notrelevant for the adhesive connection of the invention that the firstside of the first wood element 110 and the first side 121 of the secondwood element 120 are parallel. In an alternative component, the twofirst sides could also be placed at an angle, so that the distancebetween the two first sides increases in one direction and the firstwood element 110 encloses an angle with the second wood element 120.Tests up to 45° between the first main fiber direction 114 and thesecond main fiber direction 124 have yielded satisfactory results inthis respect. Unlike in the timber laminating connection of the state ofthe art, the adhesive in the invention is filled in, whilst in the stateof the art the connection is achieved by pressing the two wood elementstogether. Such connections through pressing may not have distancesgreater than 0.3 mm. For the invention, on the other hand, it isprecisely an advantage if the distance between the first wood element110 and the second wood element 120 is greater than 0.3 mm. At coldtemperatures in particular, it is advantageous if the distance isgreater, preferably greater than 1 mm, even better greater than 3 or 5mm.

FIG. 2 also shows the component 100 of the first embodiment. The fibers115 are no longer shown in FIG. 2, yet are still present. In FIG. 2, thegap 130 is now filled with adhesive 140, which creates a structuralconnection between the first wood element 110 and the second woodelement 120. To glue the first wood element 110 with the second woodelement 120, the open sides of the gap 130 shown in FIG. 1 are sealed.This is achieved for example through filling-in of the open sides.Through a small opening in the filler material, the adhesive is filledin the gap. The adhesive can also be pressed under light pressure intothe gap 130, so that possibly in the direction of gravity the areas ofthe gap 130 that are above the opening can be filled with adhesive. Asadhesive, a two-component adhesive is preferably used, whose twocomponents are mixed upon being filled into the gap 130. By mixing thetwo components, the adhesive starts to harden. After hardening of theadhesive, there is a structural connection between the first woodelement 110 and the second wood element 120. The adhesive PURBOND CR 421from the Swiss company Purbond for example was tested as adhesive. Thistwo-component polyurethane cast resin has been approved by the GermanInstitute of Structural Engineering under registration number Z-9.1-707for the gluing of steel rods in structural timber components. Using thisadhesive, a connection between the first wood element 110 and the secondwood element 120 was measured with traction resistances of up to 20Newton per square millimeter (N/mm2).

In a modification of the component 100, the first side of the first woodelement 110 and the first side of the second wood element 120 weresmoothed prior to gluing, so that the surfaces to be glued are smooth.The formation of bubbles in the adhesive is thus prevented and the gluedsurface is increased, so that a greater load capacity of the connectionis achieved. Alternatively, the formation of bubbles can also beprevented by filling-in the surfaces to be glued. Such a modification issuitable not only for the component 100 but also for the embodiments ofthe component described hereinafter and embodiments of the invention notdescribed herein.

FIG. 3 shows a timber bar 200 as second embodiment of a component. Thetimber bar 200 has eight wood elements 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206,207, 208. Each wood element has a main fiber direction 220. Each woodelement is preferably formed as a rectangular block shape. In thisexample, the longest side of the rectangular block shape is formed inthe direction of the main fiber direction 220. The wood elements 202 to207 placed in the middle are connected at their extremities in the mainfiber direction 220 by means of an adhesive bonding 211 to 217, asdescribed in FIGS. 1 and 2, with the respective neighboring wood element201 to 208. It is thus possible with the inventive connection togenerate a length of timber of any arbitrary length, whose main fiberdirection runs in the longitudinal direction of the pole. By gluing atthe extremities of each wood element 201 to 208, the strength of thefibers is transmitted onto the fibers of the neighboring wood elements.Simultaneously, the individual wood elements 201 to 208 do not have tobe weakened by the insertion of an iron element or their circumferenceincreased by external connecting elements. The gluing is easy and canalso take place on location on the building site. It is thus possible totransport the wood elements 201 to 208 in transportable size to thebuilding site and glue them together to the length of timber of thedesired size. The gluing has yielded very good loading capacity valueseven when hardening at −10° C., so that this gluing would be possibleeven in winter.

The wood elements 110 and 120 from FIGS. 1 and 2 and the wood elements201 to 208 from FIG. 3 have each a main fiber direction. The woodelements 110, 120, 201 to 208 can be made of a single piece of wood,e.g. massive wood resp. glue-laminated timber or as veneer plywood,cross-laminated timber or OSB. In the veneer resp. cross-laminatedtimber, wood beams or wood panels can be adhesively bonded in parallelto their main fiber direction, forming together a wood element 110, 120,201 to 208.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a component 300. The component 300shows a first wood element 310 and a second wood element 320. The firstwood element 310 is adhesively bonded on a first side with a first sideof the second wood element 320 with an adhesive layer 330, as describedin FIGS. 1 and 2 in relation to component 100.

The first wood element has a plurality of first timber layers 311 and aplurality of second timber layers 312, wherein a neighboring timberlayer of a first timber layer 311 is a second timber layer 312 andvice-versa, so that the first timber layer 311 and the second timberlayer 312 always alternate in the wood element 310. FIG. 5 shows by wayof example four layers of the first wood element 310. The first timberlayer 311 has a first main fiber direction 313, the second timber layer312 a third main fiber direction 314, which is preferably at a rightangle to the first main fiber direction 313. Both main fiber directions313 and 314 are placed in the layer plane. The first main fiberdirection 313 or the third main fiber direction 314 is preferablyarranged perpendicular to the first side of the first wood element 310.Alternatively, the first main fiber direction 313 or the third mainfiber direction 314 can also be arranged at another angle between 90°and 45° to the first side of the first wood element 310.

FIG. 5A shows a cross section through the component 300, that isperpendicular to the glued gap 330. The second wood element 320 also hasa plurality of first timber layers 321 and a plurality of second timberlayers 322, wherein a neighboring layer of a first timer layer 321 is asecond timber layer 322 and vice-versa, so that the first timber layer321 and the second timber layer 322 always alternate in the second woodelement 320. The first timber layer 321 has a second main fiberdirection 323 and the second timber layer 322 has a fourth main fiberdirection that is at a right angle to the second main fiber direction323. Both main fiber directions of the second wood element 320 arearranged in the layer plane. The second main fiber direction 323 or thefourth main fiber direction is preferably arranged perpendicular to thefirst side of the second wood element 320. Alternatively, the secondmain fiber direction 313 or the fourth main fiber direction 314 can alsobe arranged at another angle between 90° and 45° to the first side ofthe second wood element 320.

The first wood element 310 and the second wood element 320 are nowpreferably arranged such that the first layers 311 of the first woodelement 310 are adhesively bonded with the first layers 321 of thesecond wood element 320 and the second layers 312 of the first woodelement 310 are adhesively bonded with the second layers 322 of thesecond wood element 320. This means that the projection of a first layer311 of the first wood element 310 in the layer plane meets again a firstlayer 321 of the second wood element 320. The same applies for thesecond layers 312 and 322. The first main fiber direction 313 and thesecond main fiber direction 323 are preferably parallel and the thirdmain fiber direction 314 and the fourth main fiber direction arepreferably also parallel. Thus, in each layer, the main fiber directionis maintained over neighboring wood elements 310 and 320, and thustraction and pressure forces are transmitted optimally in the fiberdirection over neighboring wood elements 310 and 320. Due to the mainfiber directions arranged at a right angle in neighboring timber layers,each wood element 310 and 320 can transmit forces in two orthogonaldirections. By continuing the fiber directions in each layer into theneighboring wood element 310 and 320 through the adhesive layer 330, thecomponent 300, despite the adhesive connection, can withstand forces intwo orthogonal directions throughout the entire component.

FIG. 6 now shows the possibility of constructing panels of any arbitrarysize as fourth embodiment of a component 400 that can transmit forces intwo orthogonal directions. Each wood element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405,406 . . . has a layer structure like the wood elements 310 and 320. Eachwood element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 . . . has alternatingly afirst layer and a second layer, respectively. In the first layer, thereis a first main fiber direction 411 that is arranged perpendicular to asecond main fiber direction 412 in the second layer. The first layers ofa wood element 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 406 . . . are adhesively bondedwith the corresponding first layers of the neighboring wood elements,and the second layers accordingly with the second layers. In this way,in each first layer, forces are transmitted in the direction of thefirst main fiber direction 411 over the wood elements 401, 402, 403,404, 405, 406 . . . Simultaneously, in the second layers, forces aretransmitted in the direction of the second main fiber direction 412 overthe wood elements 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 . . . It is thus possibleto produce a panel 400 of any arbitrary size that can transmit forceswell in two orthogonal directions 411 and 412.

FIG. 6A now shows a further embodiment of a component 450. The component450, like the component 400, also forms a panel that can transmit forcesin two orthogonal directions. Each wood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455,456 . . . has a layer structure like the wood elements 310 and 320. Eachwood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456 . . . has alternatingly afirst layer and a second layer, respectively. In the first layer, thereis a first main fiber direction 471 that is arranged perpendicular to asecond main fiber direction 472 in the second layer. The first layers ofa wood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456 . . . are adhesively bondedwith the corresponding first layers of the neighboring wood elements,and the second layers accordingly with the second layers. In this way,in each first layer, forces are transmitted in the direction of thefirst main fiber direction 471 over the wood elements 451, 452, 453,454, 455, 456 . . . Simultaneously, in the second layers, forces aretransmitted in the direction of the second main fiber direction 472 overthe wood elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456 . . . It is thus possibleto produce a panel 450 of any arbitrary size that can transmit forceswell in two orthogonal directions 471 and 472.

The component 450 is exceedingly well suited as inter-storyfloor/ceiling slab. The wood elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456designated as prop heads and the unnumbered wood elements with therecess respectively rest on a support. Between two prop heads is a woodelement 455, 456, 457, 458 etc. that is called first auxiliarysupporting structure. Between two wood elements 455, 456, 457, 458 etc.of the first auxiliary supporting structure is the second auxiliarysupporting structure. The second auxiliary supporting structure betweenfour wood elements 455, 456, 457, 458 etc. of the first auxiliarysupporting structure has two wood elements 459 and 460. Since the forcesare transmitted from the second auxiliary supporting structure onto thefirst auxiliary supporting structure, from the first auxiliarysupporting structure onto the prop heads and from there onto thesupports, the prop heads are exposed to higher forces than the firstauxiliary supporting structure and the first auxiliary supportingstructure is subject to higher forces than the second auxiliarysupporting structure. It can therefore be advantageous to use differenttimber with different maximum load capacities for the prop heads, firstauxiliary supporting structure and second auxiliary supportingstructure.

Since the first layer of each and every wood element 451, 452, 453, 454,455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460 . . . of the component 450 always has thefirst main fiber direction 471 and the second layer of each and everywood element 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460 . . . ofthe component 450 always has the second main fiber direction 472, theforces of each layer are transmitted through the adhesive connections ofthe neighboring wood elements 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458,459, 460 . . . through the entire panel. A component is thus producedthat has a similar stability to massive wood, has the fibers running intwo directions, and forms a panel of any arbitrary size.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a fifth embodiment of a component 500 having a firstwood element 510, a second wood element 520, a third wood element 540and a fourth wood element 550. FIG. 7 shows a three-dimensional view ofthe component 500. FIG. 8 shows a cross section through the two woodelements 510 and 520 in the component 500. In contrast to the first tofourth embodiments, the first wood element 510 and the second woodelement 520 are here not built the same way.

The first wood element 510 has a layer structure with alternatinglyarranged first timber layers 511 and second timber layers 512 withorthogonal first main fiber directions 515 and third main fiberdirections as the wood elements 310, 320, 301, 402, 403 . . .

The second wood element 520 has a box-shaped structure. The second woodelement 520 has first cross members 521 and second cross members 522that are arranged at a right angle to the first cross members 521. Thefirst cross members 521 and the second cross members 522 are also calledbulkheads. This makes it possible to create a stable and light boxstructure, also called grid box. The grid box is covered on one upperside by a second timber layer 523, which is not represented in FIG. 7but can be seen in FIG. 8. The second timber layer 523 has a fourth mainfiber direction in the image plane of FIG. 8 and thus parallel to theadhesive bonding layer 530 between the first and the second wood element510 and 520. On the second timber layer 523, further timber layers canbe arranged, wherein the neighboring timber layer has respectively amain fiber direction orthogonal in the layer plane. In the component500, a first timber layer 524 is arrange don the second timber layer523, which has a second main fiber direction 525 that is arrangedperpendicular to the adhesive bonding layer 530. The grid box is coveredon a bottom side by a further timber layer 526, which is not representedin FIG. 7 but can be seen in FIG. 8. The first timber layer 526 has thesecond main fiber direction 525 that runs parallel to the first mainfiber direction 515 and perpendicular to the third and fourth main fiberdirection. Further timber layers can be arranged on the first timberlayer 526, wherein the neighboring timber layer has respectively anorthogonal main fiber direction. In the component 500, a second timberlayer 527 is arranged on the further first timber layer 526, which hasthe fourth main fiber direction. The first cross members 521 have thesecond main fiber direction 525. The second cross members 522 have thefourth main fiber direction.

The box-shaped structure of the second wood element 520 has theadvantage that the wood element 520 more material-saving and lighter.Such a wood element 520 is especially advantageous if a lower forceneeds to be transmitted. The forces on the wood element 520 aretransmitted through the first cross members 521 and the second timberlayers 524 and 526 in the first main fiber direction and in the area ofthe first layers 511 of the first wood element 510 onto the first woodelement 510. Simultaneously, forces in the second main fiber directionare transmitted over the second timber layers 523 and 526 onto thesecond timber layers of a neighboring wood element 540. The neighboringwood element 540 is built like the second wood element 520. It is thuspossible in this embodiment to transmit forces in two orthogonaldirections. IN this embodiment, the main fiber of the second crossmember 522 is interrupted, since the second cross member is not directlyglued with the second cross member 522 of the neighboring wood element540.

In the component 500, there are areas of the first side of the firstwood element 510 with the first main fiber direction 515 that areadhesively bonded with the areas of the first side of the second woodelement 520 with the second main fiber direction 525. These include forexample the first layers 511 of the first wood element 510 that areadhesively bonded with the first layers 524 and 526 of the second woodelement 520. These also include the area of the first timber layers 511of the first wood element 510 that are adhesively bonded with theextremities of the first cross members 521. In the component 500 thereare areas of the first side of the first wood element 510 with the thirdmain fiber direction that are adhesively bonded with areas of the firstside of the second wood element 520 with the fourth main fiberdirection. These include for example the second layers 512 of the firstwood element 510 that are adhesively bonded with second layers 523 and527 of the second wood element 520. These also include the area of thesecond timber layers 512 of the first wood element 510 that areadhesively bonded with the sides of the second cross member 522. Due tothe different construction, there are lastly areas of the first side ofthe first wood element 510 with the first main fiber direction 515 thatare adhesively bonded with areas of the first side of the second woodelement 520 with the fourth main fiber direction. These include the areaof the first timber layers 511 of the first wood element 510 that areadhesively bonded with the sides of the second cross member 522. Noforce is transmitted via these glued areas with main fiber areasarranged at a right angle to one another. Due to the differentconstruction, there are lastly areas of the first side of the first woodelement 510 with the third main fiber direction that are adhesivelybonded with areas of the first side of the second wood element 520 withthe second main fiber direction 525. These include the area of thesecond timber layers 512 of the first wood element 510 that areadhesively bonded with the extremities of the first cross members 521.No force is transmitted via these glued areas with main fiber areas thatare arranged at a right angle to one another.

The third wood element 540 and the fourth wood element 550 are builtlike the second wood element. The fourth wood element 550 is adhesivelybonded with the first wood element 510 in similar fashion to the secondwood element. The third wood element 540 is adhesively bonded with thesecond wood element 520 and the fourth wood element 550.

Differently constructed wood elements 510 and 520, 540, 550 make sensein situations, as represented in FIG. 7, in which the forces of severalwood elements 520, 540, 550 are to be transported away over a woodelement 510, e.g. to a truss that is placed below the wood element 510.The wood elements 520, 540 and 550 therefore need to transmitted lessforce than the first wood element 510. This is why the first woodelement 510 is made here in massive manner as veneer plywood, whereasthe further wood elements 520, 540 and 550 are made as a grid box.

FIG. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of a component 600. The component 600has a first wood element 610 and a second wood element 620.

The first wood element 610 has a first side, not visible, a second side612 and a third side 613. The second and third side 612 and 613 arearranged at a right angle to one another and a first main fiberdirection in the first wood element 610 is arranged parallel to thesecond and third side 612 and 613. The first side of the first woodelement has a non-orthogonal angle to at least one of the second side612 and of the third side 613. In this component 600, the first side isat a right angle to the second side 612 and has a non-orthogonal anglewith the third side 613. Thus, the angle between the first and thirdside corresponds to the angle between the first side and the first mainfiber direction.

The second wood element 620 has a first side, not visible, a second side622 and a third side, also not visible. The second and third side 622are arranged at a right angle to one another and a second main fiberdirection in the second wood element 620 is arranged parallel to thesecond and third side 612 and 613. The first side of the second woodelement 620 has a non-orthogonal angle to at least one of the secondside 612 and of the third side 613. In this component 600, the firstside is at a right angle to the second side 622 and has a non-orthogonalangle with the third side. In this embodiment, the angle is constructedlike in the first wood element 610. The angle between the first andthird side thus corresponds to the angle between the first side and thesecond main fiber direction.

The first sides of the first wood element 610 and of the second woodelement 620 are adhesively bonded together as described in relation toFIGS. 1 and 2 and to the component 100. The forces are thus transmittedover an angle. Preferably, the angle between the first main fiberdirection and the second main fiber direction should not exceed 45°.

FIG. 10 shows a seventh embodiment of a component 700. The component hasa first wood element 710 and a second wood element 720.

The first wood element 710 has a first side turned towards the secondwood element, a second side 712, a third side 713, a fourth sidearranged opposite the second side 712, a fifth side arranged oppositethe third side 713, and a sixth side arranged opposite the first side.The second and fourth sides are respectively curved with the samecurvature but with different radii. This is preferably a circular orparabolic curvature, so that the second and fourth side formrespectively an angular section of a lateral surface of a cylinder. Thethird and fifth side is arranged in parallel. The first wood element 710has a first main fiber direction that runs parallel to the second andthird side. This means that the first main fiber direction is alsocurved and follows the second and fourth side. The main fiber directioncuts the first and sixth side respectively at a right angle.

The second wood element 720 is constructed in identical fashion to thefirst wood element 710, so that the also curved second main fiberdirection of the second wood element 720 also cuts at a right angle thefirst side facing the first wood element 710.

The first wood element 710 is adhesively bonded on the first side withthe first side of the second wood element 720, as has been described inrelation to the component 100.

This means that with the inventive technique, hollow cylinders of anyarbitrary size can be made of timber and which transmit the force in thecircumferential, longitudinal and torsional direction. By stringingtogether such hollow cylinders, it would be possible to produce tubes orhollow supports of timber. It would also be conceivable to produce thefirst wood element 710 and the second wood element of cross-laminatedtimber or of veneer plywood. In the first wood element 710, there couldbe first layers with the first main fiber direction and neighboringsecond layers with a third main fiber direction that run perpendicularto the first main fiber direction and parallel to the layer plane. Inthe wood element 710, the layer plane could be curved and be arrangedparallel to the second side 712. Thus, when implemented as tubes, atransmission of forces could be achieved in circumferential andtube-longitudinal direction.

FIGS. 11A to F show different shapes of the gap filled with adhesivebetween the first wood element and the second wood element.

FIG. 11A shows a component 800 with a first wood element 810 and asecond wood element 820. Here, the first side of the first wood element810 and the first side of the second wood element 820 are executed asflat surface, arranged at a right angle to the second and third side ofthe first and second wood element 810 and 820. This results therefore ina gap shape 830 as in the first to seventh exemplary embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 11B shows a component 900 with a first wood element 910 and asecond wood element 920. In this case, the first side of the first woodelement 910 and the first side of the second wood element 920 is maderespectively as finger joints. Unlike finger-joint connections of thestate of the art, the finger joints here do not overlap and also don'tengage with one another. This has the advantage that the hardenedadhesive becomes wedge-shaped with the first wood element 910 and thesecond wood element 920 in the gap 930. Yet the first wood element 910does not have to be threaded into the second wood element 920, which canpossibly be difficult in the case of large wood elements.

FIG. 11C shows a component 1000 with a first wood element 1010 and asecond wood element 1020. Here, the first side of the first wood element1010 and the first side of the second wood element 1020 are respectivelyconcave, in this case executed in triangular shape. This corresponds toa keyway. This has the advantage that the hardened adhesive becomeswedged with the first wood element 1010 and the second wood element 1020in the gap 1030. Yet the first wood element 1010 does not have to bethreaded into the second wood element 1020, which can possibly bedifficult in the case of large wood elements.

FIG. 11D shows a component 1100 with a first wood element 1110 and asecond wood element 1120. In this case, the first side of the first woodelement 1110 and the first side of the second wood element 1120 arerespectively concave, here executed in triangular shape. Thiscorresponds to a keyway. In contrast to FIG. 11C, the keyway is madelower. This has the advantage that the hardened adhesive becomes wedgedwith the first wood element 1110 and the second wood element 1120 in thegap 1130. Yet the first wood element 1110 does not have to be threadedinto the second wood element 1120, which can possibly be difficult inthe case of large wood elements.

FIG. 11E shows a component 1200 with a first wood element 1210 and asecond wood element 1220. In this case, the first side of the first woodelement 1210 and the first side of the second wood element 1220 are maderespectively slanting, so that the first side of the first wood element1210 and the first side of the second wood element 1220 are arrangedparallel. This has the advantage that the hardened adhesive becomeswedged with the first wood element 1210 and the second wood element 1220in the gap 1230. Yet the first wood element 1210 does not have to bethreaded into the second wood element 1220, which can possibly bedifficult in the case of large wood elements.

FIG. 12 shows the method for adhesively bonding two wood elements. Instep S11, two wood elements are prepared for the connection. Thisincludes for example the smoothing of the surfaces to be glued (firstside) of the wood elements. This can occur for example throughgrinding/sanding or through filling-in. Afterwards, the surface to beglued is to be cleaned and covered with a protective film for transport.In step S12, the wood elements are transported to the location wherethey are to be connected. The step S12 can also take place before stepS11. In step S13, the wood elements are arranged such that a gap remainsbetween these wood elements and at least one main fiber direction ofeach wood element cuts the surface to be glued. Preferably, the woodelements are fastened in this position, so that a movement of the woodelements against one another is no longer possible. If the surface to beglued are protected by a protective film, this protective film must beremoved prior to arranging the wood elements. During step S14, the openedges of this gap are sealed, for example by filling in the open sides.In step S15, the adhesive is introduced into the gap, e.g. through ahole drilled or left open in the filler material. Step S16 consists inhardening the adhesive.

FIG. 13 shows a method for quality control of the adhesive bonding. Tothis effect, the volume of the sealed gap between the two wood elementsis calculated theoretically (S21). In step S22, the quantity or volumeof the adhesive filled into the gap is measured. Then, the calculatedvolume is compared with the filled-in volume (S23). If significantlymore adhesive is filled in as was theoretically calculated, it isprobable that the adhesive has run into the wood and the quality of theconnection cannot be ensured. If significantly less adhesive has beenfilled in as theoretically computed, there is entrapped air in theadhesive and the quality of the connection can again not be ensured. Instep S24, a statement is made about the quality of the connection.

In the case of large surfaces to be adhesively bonded, it is furthermoreadvantageous to divided the latter into sections sealed from one anotherand to perform the quality control method according to FIG. 13 for eachof these sections. It is thus possible for each section to make astatement regarding quality and possibly to repeat the gluing processfor this section.

The embodiments represented here are described merely by way of exampleand should not limit the scope of protection. All embodiments, includingthose not described, that fall within the scope of protection defined bythe claims, are included within the invention.

1. Component comprising a first wood element with at least one firstmain fiber direction and a second wood element with at least one secondmain fiber direction, wherein the first wood element is adhesivelybonded, on a first side cutting through the first main fiber direction,to a first side of the second wood element cutting through the secondmain fiber direction with a distance between the first side of the firstwood element and the first side of the second wood element.
 2. Componentaccording to claim 1, wherein the distance is suitable to fill the gapbetween the two wood elements with adhesive.
 3. Component according toclaim 1, wherein the distance is greater than 0.3 mm.
 4. Componentaccording to claim 1, wherein the adhesive bonding between the firstwood element and the second wood element is designed for creating astructural connection between the first wood element and the second woodelement.
 5. Component according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive bondingbetween the first wood element and the second wood element is designedto withstand a traction, pressure, shear or torsion stress of at least 1Newton per square millimeter.
 6. Component according to claim 1, whereinthe first main fiber direction is arranged parallel to the second mainfiber direction.
 7. Component according to claim 1, wherein the firstwood element on the first side in the first main fiber direction doesnot overlap the second wood element on the first side.
 8. Componentaccording to claim 1, wherein the first wood element on the first sidehas at least one area with the first main fiber direction and at leastone area with a third main fiber direction, and the second wood elementon the first side has at least one area with the second main fiberdirection and at least one area with a fourth main fiber direction,wherein the area of the first wood element with the first main fiberdirection is adhesively bonded with the area of the second wood elementwith the second main fiber direction.
 9. Component according to claim 1,wherein the first side of the first wood element is smoothed or filledin and/or the first side of the second wood element is smoothed orfilled in.
 10. Component according to claim 1, wherein the first side ofthe first wood element and/or the first side of the second wood elementhas one of the following shapes: a plane surface, a concave shape, aconcave triangular or multi-sided shape, a plane surface that isarranged at a right angle to the first and/or second main fiberdirection, a plane surface that forms an angle between 0° and 45° to thefirst and/or second main fiber direction.
 11. Component according toclaim 1, wherein the first side of the first wood element and the firstside of the second wood element form a concave shape, and a tongue isplaced in the hollow recess formed by the first sides of the first andsecond wood element.
 12. Method for connecting a first wood element witha second wood element, the method comprising the following steps:arranging the first wood element on a first side at a distance to afirst side of the second wood element; introducing adhesive in the spacebetween the first side of the first wood element and the first side ofthe second wood element; curing the adhesive.
 13. Method according toclaim 12, wherein prior to filling the space with adhesive, at leastpart of the open edges of the space generated by the distance betweenthe first side of the first wood element and the first side of thesecond wood element are sealed.
 14. Method according to claim 13,wherein the at least one part of the open edges is filled in forsealing.
 15. Method according to claim 13, wherein the volume enclosedbetween the first sides of the first and second wood element iscalculated, the volume of the adhesive filled is measured, thecalculated volume is compared with the measured volume, and a statementis made about the quality of the connection on the basis of thecomparison.
 16. Method according to claim 15, wherein the volumeenclosed between the first sides of the first and second wood elementare subdivided in sub-volumes sealed vis-à-vis one another, the volumeof a first sub-volume enclosed between the first sides of the first andsecond wood element is calculated, the volume of the adhesive filledinto the first sub-volume is measured, the calculated volume is comparedwith the measured volume, and a statement is made about the quality ofthe connection on the basis of the comparison.
 17. Computer programdesigned for simulating the load capacity of a component according toclaim 1.